<International Circulation>:  What countries have done salt taxation?

　　《国际循环》: 哪些国家已经开始征收盐税？

　　Dr. Gaziano：None. That is purely a hypothetical analysis to see what might occur similar to the tobacco industry. South Africa may be one of the first to introduce a large tax on salt. There are already some taxes on trade related to it but not specifically on the salt content as an ingredient.

　　Gaziano博士：这纯粹是一个假设的分析来看看会发生类似烟草行业。南非可能是第一个开始征收盐税的国家。他们已经有一些与贸易相关的税收，但而没有明确的盐含量作为原料。
　　<International Circulation>:  What about the salt substitutes?

　　《国际循环》：盐替代品如何？
　　Dr. Gaziano：There have been many studies come out of China， mostly from the George Institute in Beijing and I think that is a particularly attractive strategy in places where salt is added at the table and that is important for developing countries and particularly China where there is less opportunity for that to happen. We did not in this analysis look at the costs of salt substitution but we have reached out to the George group to say we would like to look at their analysis as well. We also added this issue of screening and drug treatment because we are not going to save the worlds by salt reduction only. This method will reduce risk by 1-2% but if you want to get to that 25% goal， you have to go after cholesterol， you have to go after smoking， and you have to go after improvement in treatments， improving compliance with a polypill and other methodologies and salt substitution where appropriate. In an area where salt is not added at the table， a salt substitution strategy is not going to work. Countries need to have a menu of options that they can engage in that are either pragmatically introduced or politically introduced. China’s response will be very different to India’s response which will be very different from Brazil which will be very different from South Africa’s response.

　　Gaziano博士：在本分析中，我们没有观察盐替代品的花费，但是我们联系了乔治研究院，表示我们期望能够看到他们的分析。我们还加上了筛查和药物治疗两个方面，因为除了减少盐的摄入之外，我们拯救世界还有其他手段可用。减少盐摄入可以把心血管疾病的风险降低1~2%，但是如果想要把心血管疾病风险降低25%的话，就还得控制血脂、戒烟、改进治疗、改善对复方制剂的依从性，必要时还可以采取其他方法，包括采用盐替代品。在那些不是在餐桌上添加食盐的地区，采用盐替代品的策略不会有什么效果。每个国家都需要有一系列的措施可供选择，这些措施可以是从实用性的角度推荐的，也可以是通过政策推行下去的。中国和印度的做法会有很大的不同，巴西也有自己的做法，南非也是如此。

　　<International Circulation>:  Has salt substitution been tried in countries outside of China?

　　《国际循环》：有没有中国以外的国家采用了盐替代品？
　　Dr. Gaziano：There are other salt preparations. The number of studies coming out of China is certainly high. The George group is leading in the area in terms of their research. People have looked at the different variations of sodium in salt and I think the different food industries have been looking at this as well because they are clearly worried about taste issues. The George group has been looking at how high they can push up the potassium before it becomes unpalatable. And there may have been other studies but I am not familiar with them.

　　Gaziano博士：有好几种盐替代品。中国的研究数量确实不少。乔治研究所在盐替代品的研究领域上处于领先地位。学者们观察了不同食盐中钠含量的区别，我想食品加工商也关注这一问题，因为他们显然担心食品的味道好不好。乔治研究所一直在观察在不影响味道的前提下，到底最多能够加入多少钾。在这方面可能还有我不是太了解的其他研究。